vim tips

Replace

:%s/https\?.*/[&](&)/g

• % – set the range to the entire file
• s – substitution
• /https\?.*/ – regex to match http or https and anything else after it
• [&](&)– The & is the magic here and inserts the matched text. In this case, the URL. The rest of the characters are interpreted literally, giving us the linked URL in the resulting markdown.
• /g changes all the matches on a line
• use any regex delimiter in your pattern substitution. No need to use / at all, try # instead: :s#/usr/local/bin#/usr/sbin#g to avoid escaping slashes.
• Limit a search and replace operation between lines matching 2 regex patterns using /pattern1/,/pattern2/s/search/replace/

Search and replace | Vim Tips Wiki | Fandom

Repeat the last substitution

Developing efficient workflows in Vim is all about repetition, first and foremost by using . to repeat the last command. But Vim can also repeat your last substitution. Here’s a few options with subtle differences:

• :& – Repeats last substitution but resets the flags. Also works with just :s.
• :&& – Repeat last substitution with the same flags.
• :%& – Repeat last substitution on entire file, reset flags.
• :%&& – Repeat last substitution on entire file, keep flags.

:%s/something/newthing/g
:%&g

Search

• Append /e to the end of a search to place the cursor at the end of the next match. I.e /patten/e
• Stay in search mode /pattern<C-g> or /pattern<C-t>
• Append \C to the end of a search to enable a case-sensitive search. Examples:
  • /copyright - case insensitive
  • /Copyright - case sensitive
  • /copyright\C - case sensitive
  • /Copyright\c - case insensitive

Power of g

The global command :g is very useful - multiple repeats

:[range]g[lobal]/{pattern}/[cmd]

For example:

• :g/pattern/d – Remove lines matching pattern

• :3,4g/pattern/d – Remove lines matching pattern between 3 and 4 line

• :g/pattern/y A - Yank all lines matching ‘pattern’ into the register.

• :g!/pattern/d – Remove lines that do NOT match the pattern

• :v/pattern/d – Also removes lines that do not match the pattern

• :cdo g/function/norm! ciw func<cr>

• gQ

• g0

• g$

• g <ctrl-g>

• g <ctrl-a>

• g#

• g&

• g-

• g+

• g??

• gI

• gU

• gt

• gT

• g_

• gf

• gd

• gg

Copying and pasting lines

• The slow way is to navigate to the line I want, yank it, go back and paste it.

• The most efficient way I can think to do that is to jump by searching with / and pressing <CR>. Then yank the line with yy. Then use the jump list, <ctrl-o>, to bounce back. And press p to paste the line below or P to paste the line above.

• Use the ex :yank command :<line number>yank – copies the line number specified to your default register.

• Use the ex :copy command :<line number>copy. – copies the line number specified and pastes it to the line below

• The ex :copy command has a short version t

  • :281t. – Copy line 281 and paste it below the current line
  • :-10t. – Copy the line 10 lines above the current line and paste it below the current line
  • :+8t. – Copy the line 8 lines after the current line and paste it below
  • :10,20t. – Copy lines 10 to 20 and paste them below
  • :t20 – Copy the current line and paste it below line 20

• Pasting into Vim from @StackOverflow? Avoid indent fail by using set :paste or use the system clipboard with "*p

  https://vimtricks.com/p/vimtricks-avoid-paste-formatting

• To select a register from which to paste, one can use "{register}p to paste from the register {register}. See pasting registers.

The shortcut keyboards in insert mode

• <c-w> - delete a word
• <c-x><C-f> - autocomplete filenames in vim.
• <c-n> - 自动提示
• <c-p> - 自动提示
• <c-r>= - From insert mode, enters Vim’s expression register
• <c-f> - switch from Command-Line mode to the command-line window. Or During the / portion of a search, open a search history window.
• <c-a> or <C-x> - increment or decrement hex, binary, and octal numbers in normal mode.
• <c-k> + 2 letters - add special characters in insert mode. see mode :help dig. Examples:
  • <c-k>oo • bullet
  • <c-k>Db ◆ diamond bullet
  • <c-k>Pd £ pound
  • <c-k>Eu € euro
  • <c-k>-N – en dash
  • <c-k>-M — em

Quickfix

what a quick fix list is effectively what a quick fix list is a series of entries in which point to a specific file and location.

A lot of times they’re associated with errors links or search results.

• quickfix
  • :cw 错误信息分屏显示
  • :cp 跳到上一个错误
  • :cl 列出所有错误
  • :cc 显示错误详细信息
  • :cdo
• location-list :ldo

DOS 与 Linux 的换行符

字符转换命令

• dos2unix [-kn] file [newfile]
• unix2dos [-kn] file [newfile]

The undo tree usr_32.txt

• If you make changes, undo, then make a different change, then undo, then make a different change, you create undo branches.
• To view the change tree, run :undolist, to navigate the undo branches, use g-, g+
• Go back to an earlier text state with the :earlier command.
• Go to newer text state with the :later command. This command accepts the following time units: s (seconds), h (hours), d (days), and f (number of saves).

Change the case of characters with ~, u and U.

• gUw - Uppercase to end of word
• gUiw - Uppercase entire word
• guap - Lowercase paragraph

Sort lines in Vim:

sort-motion plugin - The primary interface to this plugin is via the gs mapping, for sorting based on a text object or motion.

Examples:

• gs2j => Sort down two lines (current + 2 below)
• gsip => Sort the current paragraph
• gsii => Sort the current indentation level (requires text-obj-indent plugin)
• gsi( => Sort within parenthesis. (b, c, a) would become (a, b, c)

Vim has some built in options

• :sort - sort all lines
• :sort! - sort in reverse
• :sort u - remove dupes and sort
• :sort i - ignore case
• :sort n - sort numerically

There are ways to sort elements of a single line in vanilla vim as well, as detailed in this StackExchange response, but they will involve some regex.

jump between changes

• :changes - Show list of changes
• g; - Jump to previous
• g, - Jump to next

:norm

The command allows you to execute normal mode operations from the command line. By combining with % , we can run a sequence of operations on an entire file.

• :%norm - Run a normal mode command on the entire file.
• ysiw - surround plugin
• :%norm ysiw"A: ""

` character

• `[ - Navigate to the beginning of your most recently yanked or changed text
• `] - Navigate to the end of your most recently yanked or changed text

Ex Command-line

• :set noignorecase - make searches case sensitive (the default)
• :set hlsearch - highlight the remaining matches with the search highlight group.
• :set splitright - open splits in a right direction.
• :set splitbelow - open splits in a below direction.
• :set laststatus=3 - show only one activeted single status bar
• :edit! - revert (go back or return to) all changes to the current buffer.
• :1,5j - Use the ex command j to join some lines on a range. Use visual selection, and J to join or 'gJ' to join without spacing
• Use %:h to get the path part of the current file. i.e., cd %:h to set the working directory to the directory of the current file.
• Use :reg to view the contents of all registers, or :reg{register} to view the contents of one.
• :Man command - Open that command's man page
• :dig - open a list of all digraphs available on your system (complication options can affect the list)
• :reg - open the vim registers
• Toggle Vim boolean options
  • adding a bang ! at the end. :set number!, :set cusorcolumn!
  • :set number will turn the feature on
  • :set nonumber will turn the feature off
• Check the current state of any option by adding a question mark ? to the end: :set number? will return either number or nonumber depending on if the option is on or off.
• Repeat the history command
  • Enter command mode : and then press <C-p> to cycle back through your history, finding a command and invoking it again.
  • if the command was the last colon command you ran, simply press @: to repeat the last command.j
• Delete using the "_d{motion} command to delete without overwriting your default register.
• Non-printable Characters ^M is a single character inserted by using CTRL-v followed by CTRL-m. UTF-8 C1 Controls and Latin1 Supplement

Others

1. You can edit your visual selection by using o to bounce your cursor to the opposite end of the selection. Adjust the top bound as needed, then press o to return to the bottom.

2. Use gv in Vim to reselect the last visual selection

3. filename-modifiers。关于Unix：在Vim中打开与当前文件相同的文件夹中的文件

   :p Make file name a full path, :h expand, :wildcards

4. Use ea to append to the end of the current word.

5. Swap two characters in Vim with xp

6. Put from the "%p register to put the name of the current file.

7. To make it easier to navigate conflict markers, you could tweak the built-in matchit plugin: stackoverflow.com/a/71676129/853…

8. Multiple cursor support

9. Open the quickfix window with :cwin and see the results. Next we do another search. To get back to our previous, older quickfix window, we use :colder. Then, we can return to the most recent search results with :cnewer.

10. To find out what’s stored in each register, simply use Vim’s :registers command, or :reg for short.

11. Use m{capital letter} to make a global mark. Close and reopen VIm, and press '{capital letter} to open the file w/ the global mark.

12. 使用命令 :mksession ~/.mysession.vim ( :mks is ok) 保存已经打开的多窗口文件。 如果文件重复，vim 默认会报错，使用 :mksession! ~/.mysession.vim 代替。在终端输入命令 vim -S ~/.mysession.vim 打开保存的会话。

13. . 小数点可以重复上一次的命令

14. N<command> 重复某个命令 N 次

15. args

    • :args /path/*
    • :wn

https://vimtricks.com/p/vimtrick-edit-files-sequentially/ - Edit files sequentially

Helps

• :help wildoptions - command-line completion allows fuzzy-matching in some cases
• :help registers - "0p will paste from the 0 register, which automatically contains the last yanked text.
• :help global
• :help no-greedy - because .* is greedy. It matches the maximum amount of text it can. .\{-} will match the fewest characters possible to make a match.
• :help jumplist - jumps are cursor movements stored in a list called the jumplist. movements which modify the jump list are:
  • /pattern searches and ?patternsearches (forward and backward pattern matching)
  • * and # (forward and backward search for the word under the cursor.
  • % (jump to a matching enclosing character like paren, brace, bracket, etc)
  • Any inter-file navigation like gf
• :help scroll-cursor
• :help option-list - all vim options
• :help usr<tab>
• :help buffer
• :help window
• :help <tab>
• :help split
• :help motion
• :help options
• :help <tabcomplate or ctrl-d>
• :help <specific option name>
• :help quickfix
• :help macros
• :help motions
• :help substitude
• :help g