vim101

普通模式

复制

y
dd
gU
gu
x
X

缩进

> , < 或 =

4== indent current line and next 3
=ap indent around paragraph
=% indent to end of method

重复操作

. 小数点可以重复上一次的命令
N<command> 重复某个命令 N 次

移动

% 匹配括号移动，包括[ { ( ,需要将光标移动到括号上。
#，* 匹配光标所在单词，* 下一个， # 上一个
0 行头
^ 本行的第一个非空白字符
$ 到行尾
g_ 到本行最后一个非空白字符
fa 向前移动到查找的第一个 a 字符
t, 移动到逗号前的第一个字符
3fa 当前行查找第三个出现的字母 a
dt" 删除查找到的第一个双引号之前的所有的内容
w 下一个单词到开头
e 下一个单词的结尾

单词默认由字母、数字和下划线组成（程序变量），而使用大写 W、E 的移动方式，单词由空白字符分隔。

action + text object

action

d delete
y yank
v visual
c delete and insert
s same as cl
S same as cc

text object

w word
s sentence
p paragraph
' " } ] ) specific characters

字符串（map (+) (“foo”))，光标在第一个 o 的位置

vi" select foo
va" select “foo”
vi) select “foo”
va) select (“foo”)
v2i) select map (+) (“foo”)
v2a) select (map (+) (“foo”)

Scrolling relative to cursor

:help scrolling
zt - reposition viewport so your current line is at the top
zz - middle
zb - bottom
<c-y>
<c-e>
<c-u>
<c-d>
<c-f>
<c-b>

缓存

当使用 vim 编辑器时，vim 会在被编辑的文件目录下，建立一个名为 .filename.swap 的文件

buffers

Summary:
- A buffer is the in-memory text of a file.
- A window is a viewport on a buffer.
    - A tab page is a collection of windows.

:ls 查看缓冲区被打开的文件，%a 表示当前文件，相关标记如下：
- 非活动的缓冲区
a 当前被激活缓冲区
h 隐藏的缓冲区
% 当前的缓冲区
# 交换缓冲区
= 只读缓冲区
+ 已经更改的缓冲区
:buffer [数字编号] 切换文件

同 buffer

:n 编辑下一个文件
:N 编辑上一个文件
:files 列出目前这个 vim 开启的所有文件，同 :ls
:n and :Ndoesn’t switch between buffers

不同 buffers

:bn 编辑下一个文件(:bnext)
:bp 编辑上一个文件(:bprevious)
:blast 缩写 :bl
:bfirst 缩写 :bf

删除 buffer

:%bd - delete all your buffers
:bd or :.bd delete the current buffer
:.,+2bd delete the current buffer and 2 buffers after it (relative to their location in the buffer list)

多窗口

:sp {filename} 划分窗口，并打开指定文件
:Hexplorer 缩写 :He （在下边分屏浏览目录）
:He! (在上屏浏览文件目录）
:Vexplorer 缩写:Ve （在左边分屏间浏览目录，右边为 :Ve!)
:Texplorer 缩写 :Te 使用类似于浏览器 tab 标签的形式打开文件

窗口间移动

<crtl-w>j 光标移动到下方的窗口
<ctrl-w>k 光标移动到上方的窗口
<ctrl-w>q 退出窗口
<ctrl-w>t 窗口在新标签页中打开

标签页间移动

在普通模式下，使用快捷键 <ctrl-w>t，可以将一个 buffer 文件在另一个标签页中打开。

gt - 下一个标签
gT - 前一个标签
{i}gt - i 数字，到指定标签页，比如 5gt 就是到第5个标签页
:tabs 查看打开的窗口和 Tab 标签的情况
:tabn go to next tab
:tabp go to previous tab
:tabfirst go to first tab
:tablast go to last tab
:tabclose[i] 指定标签数字，可以关闭指定标签页
:bufdo tab split 把 buffer 中的文件全部转成 tab
vim -p file1 file2 shell 命令行中以 tab 标签页的形式打开多个文件

会话 session

使用命令 :mksession ~/.mysession.vim ( :mks is ok) 保存已经打开的多窗口文件。如果文件重复，vim 默认会报错，使用 :mksession! ~/.mysession.vim 代替。打开保存的会话

vim -S ~/.mysession.vim

Quickfix

what a quick fix list is effectively what a quick fix list is a series of entries in which point to a specific file and location.

A lot of times they’re associated with errors links or search results.

quickfix
location-list

quickfix

:cw 错误信息分屏显示
:cp 跳到上一个错误
:cl 列出所有错误
:cc 显示错误详细信息
:cdo

location-list

:ldo

Power of g

:h g

gQ
g0
g$
g <ctrl-g>
g#
g&
g-
g+
g??
gI
gU
gt
gT
g_
gf
gd
gg

The global command :g is very useful - multiple repeats

:[range]g[lobal]/{pattern}/[cmd]

Example:

:normal! !

:g/pattern/d – Remove lines matching pattern
:3,4g/pattern/d – Remove lines matching pattern between 3 and 4 line
:g/pattern/y A - Yank all lines matching ‘pattern’ into the register.
:g!/pattern/d – Remove lines that do NOT match the pattern
:v/pattern/d – Also removes lines that do not match the pattern
:cdo g/function/norm! ciw func<cr>

Replace

:%s/https\?.*/[&](&)/g

% – set the range to the entire file
s – substitution
/https\?.*/ – regex to match http or https and anything else after it
[&](&)– The & is the magic here and inserts the matched text. In this case, the URL. The rest of the characters are interpreted literally, giving us the linked URL in the resulting markdown.
/g changes all the matches on a line
use any regex delimiter in your pattern substitution. No need to use / at all, try # instead: :s#/usr/local/bin#/usr/sbin#g to avoid escaping slashes.
Limit a search and replace operation between lines matching 2 regex patterns using /pattern1/,/pattern2/s/search/replace/

Search and replace | Vim Tips Wiki | Fandom

Repeat the last substitution

Developing efficient workflows in Vim is all about repetition, first and foremost by using . to repeat the last command. But Vim can also repeat your last substitution. Here’s a few options with subtle differences:

:& – Repeats last substitution but resets the flags. Also works with just :s.
:&& – Repeat last substitution with the same flags.
:%& – Repeat last substitution on entire file, reset flags.
:%&& – Repeat last substitution on entire file, keep flags.

:%s/something/newthing/g
:%&g

Search

Append /e to the end of a search to place the cursor at the end of the next match. I.e /search phrase/e
Stay in search mode /some-pattern<C-g> or /some-pattern<C-t>

vim 的环境配置和记录

.viminfo 主动记录你曾经做过的操作记录，以便你下次可以轻松地作业。

环境配置

在一般模式下输入 :set all 查看所有的参数设置值。
:set 显示与系统默认值不同的设置参数，一般来说就是自定变动过的设置参数。
:syntax on 打开语法高亮

DOS 与 Linux 的换行符

字符转换命令

dos2unix [-kn] file [newfile]
unix2dos [-kn] file [newfile]

registers

To find out what’s stored in each register, simply use Vim’s :registers command, or :reg for short.

Marks

Use m{capital letter} to make a global mark. Close and reopen VIm, and press '{capital letter} to open the file w/ the global mark.

args

:args /path/*
:wn

https://vimtricks.com/p/vimtrick-edit-files-sequentially/ - Edit files sequentially

Tips

Copying and pasting lines

The slow way is to navigate to the line I want, yank it, go back and paste it.
The most efficient way I can think to do that is to jump by searching with / and pressing <CR>. Then yank the line with yy. Then use the jump list, <ctrl-o>, to bounce back. And press p to paste the line below or P to paste the line above.
Use the ex :yank command :<line number>yank – copies the line number specified to your default register.
Use the ex :copy command :<line number>copy. – copies the line number specified and pastes it to the line below
The ex :copy command has a short version t
- :281t. – Copy line 281 and paste it below the current line
- :-10t. – Copy the line 10 lines above the current line and paste it below the current line
- :+8t. – Copy the line 8 lines after the current line and paste it below
- :10,20t. – Copy lines 10 to 20 and paste them below
- :t20 – Copy the current line and paste it below line 20
Pasting into Vim from @StackOverflow? Avoid indent fail by using set :paste or use the system clipboard with "*p

https://vimtricks.com/p/vimtricks-avoid-paste-formatting

The shortcut keyboards in insert mode

<c-w> - delete a word
<c-x><C-f> - autocomplete filenames in vim.
<c-n> - 自动提示
<c-p> - 自动提示
<c-r>= - From insert mode, enters Vim’s expression register
<c-f> - switch from Command-Line mode to the command-line window. Or During the / portion of a search, open a search history window.
<c-a> or <C-x> - increment or decrement hex, binary, and octal numbers in normal mode.
<c-k> + 2 letters - add special characters in insert mode. Examples:
- <c-k>oo • bullet
- <c-k>Db ◆ diamond bullet
- <c-k>Pd £ pound
- <c-k>Eu € euro
- <c-k>-N – en dash
- <c-k>-M — em

The undo tree usr_32.txt

If you make changes, undo, then make a different change, then undo, then make a different change, you create undo branches.
To view the change tree, run :undolist, to navigate the undo branches, use g-, g+
Go back to an earlier text state with the :earlier command.
Go to newer text state with the :later command. This command accepts the following time units: s (seconds), h (hours), d (days), and f (number of saves).

Change the case of characters with `~`, `u` and `U`.

gUw - Uppercase to end of word
gUiw - Uppercase entire word
guap - Lowercase paragraph

Sort lines in Vim:

sort-motion plugin - The primary interface to this plugin is via the gs mapping, for sorting based on a text object or motion.

Examples:

gs2j => Sort down two lines (current + 2 below)
gsip => Sort the current paragraph
gsii => Sort the current indentation level (requires text-obj-indent plugin)
gsi( => Sort within parenthesis. (b, c, a) would become (a, b, c)

Vim has some built in options:

:sort - sort all lines
:sort! - sort in reverse
:sort u - remove dupes and sort
:sort i - ignore case
:sort n - sort numerically

There are ways to sort elements of a single line in vanilla vim as well, as detailed in this StackExchange response, but they will involve some regex.

Jump between changes

:changes - Show list of changes
g; - Jump to previous
g, - Jump to next

`:norm`

The command allows you to execute normal mode operations from the command line. By combining with % , we can run a sequence of operations on an entire file.

:%norm - Run a normal mode command on the entire file.